Vetoquinol has recalled 6 lots of its porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone injection (Folltropin) kits for use in cattle. The recall was initiated because particulate matter was found in the sterile diluent vial during routine examination of samples for the affected lots.

Each porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone injection kit contains a single 20mL vial of lyophilized powder and one 20 mL vial of sterile bacteriostatic saline diluent. These kits are labeled with a lot number on the outside of the carton, and each vial of powder and sterile diluent are labeled with a separate lot number.

510578 kit lot with diluent lot 840915: Expiration date is May 31, 2026. Distribution dates are August 30-October 23, 2023.

510579 kit lot with diluent lot 844585: Expiration date is May 31, 2026. Distribution dates are October 23-November 6, 2023.

510580 kit lot with diluent lot 844583: Expiration date is May 31, 2026. Distribution dates are November 6, 2024-June 18, 2024.

510581 kit lot with diluent lot 934975: Expiration date is January 31, 2027. Distribution dates are June 18,-December 13, 2024.

510582 kit lot with diluent lot 934973. Expiration date is January 31, 2027. Distribution dates are December 13, 2024-June 9, 2025.

717059 kit lot with diluent lot 934976: Expiration date is January 31, 2027. Distribution dates are June 9-October 28, 2025.

Porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone injection is a highly purified extract that is lyophilized to maintain potency. The prescription drug is used to for the induction of superovulation in reproductively mature beef and dairy heifers and cows, according to Vetoquinol.

The administration of an injectable product that contains particulate matter may result in injection site reaction or hypersensitivity reaction in response to the foreign material, according to Vetoquinol. Possible clinical signs of an adverse event include pain, swelling and/or wounds at the injection site as well as decreased activity level, fever and/or labored breathing.

If any other concerning signs are observed in an animal that may have been administered the recalled product, a veterinarian should be contacted as soon as possible. No adverse event reports received for the listed batches, as of November 26, 2025.

Furthermore, Vetoquinol has not identiﬁed any issues with the product’s powder vial. Porcine pituitary-derived follicle stimulating hormone injection is also sold as a dual pack that is not impacted by the recall because it contains no diluent vials, according to Vetoquinol.

Customers who have received FOLLTROPIN Kits from the batches impacted by this recall should stop using the product immediately and quarantine product subject to recall. Please contact Vetoquinol USA, Inc. for further instructions for returning or disposal of the recall product.

Consumers with questions regarding this company announcement should call Vetoquinol USA, Inc. at 1-800-267-5707 Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 am and 5 pm Central Standard Time. Adverse reactions or quality problems experienced with the use of this product may be reported to the FDA at 1-888-FDA-VETS or online at 

Vetoquinol USA, Inc. recalls six lots of Folltropin injectable kits for cattle due to presence of particulate matter in sterile diluent vial. News release. FDA. December 2, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/vetoquinol-usa-inc-recalls-six-lots-folltropin-injectable-kits-cattle-due-presence-particulate?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Company announcement— Vetoquinol USA, Inc. recalls six lots of Folltropin injectable kits for cattle due to presence of particulate matter in sterile diluent vial. News release. November 28, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.vetoquinolusa.com/news/press-release-folltropin-recall

Articles

Six lots of Vetoquinol's Folltropin are affected.

Drug for aiding reproduction in cattle is recalled

The Fetch dvm360 conference in Long Beach, California, is filled to the brim with practical, evidence-driven sessions designed to sharpen your clinical decision-making. Here are 5 sessions we're excited to attend ourselves this weekend. These talks deliver concrete exam techniques, diagnostic checklists, and client-communication strategies you can use Monday morning. 

Why and How We Choose: Rethinking Decisions in Veterinary Practice — Erik Zager DVM, DACVECC

Confidence in Cancer Care: Practical Approaches to Lymphoma Diagnosis and Management — Pamela D. Jones, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology)

1. Updates on what we now know about dietary-associated dilated cardiomyopathy

: William Rausch, DVM, DACVIM (Cardiology)

 Dr. Rausch distills recent studies linking certain grain-free or pulse-heavy diets to cases of canine dilated cardiomyopathy, including new data on subclinical disease and who seems most at risk. He’ll explain how to interpret the evidence, what signs to watch for in everyday practice, and which diagnostic and follow-up steps make the most sense. Expect practical guidance on diet change, monitoring trajectories, and communicating uncertainty to owners.


 This session gives clinicians the tools to spot early, diet-associated cardiac changes and to give owners clear, evidence-based advice to help prevent progression and avoid unnecessary panic.

2. Leptospirosis: From the ivory tower to the urine-stained trenches of the hospital

: Christopher Lee, DVM, MPH, DACVPM, DACVM (Parasitology)

 A hands-on, case-driven update that moves from the ACVIM consensus into real-life hospital workflows, including diagnostic testing choices as well as isolation and antimicrobial decisions. Interactive polling and case scenarios will show how to balance rapid patient care with antimicrobial stewardship and staff/patient safety. The talk emphasizes communication strategies for owner education and practical infection control steps.


 Lepto is messy and zoonotic. This session promises to arm clinicians with protocols to diagnose faster, reduce transmission risk, and make stewardship-friendly treatment decisions under pressure.

3. Cracking the code: Mastering radiographic interpretation in birds

: Laila Proença, MV, DVM, MS, PhD, DACZM

 Proença walks through a structured approach to avian radiographs, including recognizing normal anatomy, avoiding common interpretive traps, and spotting subtle disease signs across systems. Through example cases she will teach a stepwise checklist for reading images more reliably and making practical treatment decisions. Tips for improving image quality and choosing complementary diagnostics round out the session.


 Improved radiograph reading means fewer guesswork referrals, faster diagnoses, and better outcomes for avian patients. This is great information for clinics expanding exotic services or wanting to up their avian game.

4. Street medicine: Providing high-quality care in low-resource settings

 This session covers delivering pragmatic, ethical veterinary care outside the clinic. Topics include how to triage, prioritize diagnostics and treatments, and set realistic standards of care when resources are limited. Geller will discuss planning for mobile or pop-up clinics, problem-solving with minimal equipment, and building community partnerships that amplify impact. Real examples show how to handle unexpected challenges and maintain quality and safety.


 If you’re interested in outreach or mobile medicine, Geller shares replicable workflows, risk-management strategies, and ideas for running sustainable, community-focused clinics that actually improve access to care.

5. Feline neurology: Letting the cat out of the bag

: Karen Kline, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Neurology)

 Kline focuses on the practical evaluation of neurologic cats: how to take a focused history, perform a cat-friendly neuro exam, and use a stepwise diagnostic plan to narrow differentials. She’ll cover common feline neurologic syndromes, sensible testing strategies, and realistic treatment and prognostication approaches for both clinicians and technicians. The session goes over workflows and checklists that make neurologic cases less intimidating.


 Neurology in cats can be subtle and stressful. This talk provides practical exam techniques and decision trees that speed diagnosis and improve team confidence with the goal of reducing unnecessary testing or referrals.

To read more news and view expert insights from Fetch Long Beach, visit 

’s dedicated site for conference coverage at 

https://www.dvm360.com/conference/fetch-long-beach

These practical, case-focused sessions at Fetch Long Beach promise to deliver immediate, clinic-ready skills.

5 clinical sessions we’re excited to attend at the Fetch dvm360 Veterinary Conference in Long Beach, California

The FDA announced that it has conditionally approved fluralaner topical solution (Exzolt Cattle-CA1; Intervet Inc) for preventing and treating New World screwworm (NWS) larval infestations. The product is also indicated for treating and controlling cattle fever ticks in beef cattle older than 2 months and replacement dairy heifers younger than 20 months.

LuxeShutter24/peopleimages.com/stock.adobe.com

By receiving conditional approval, fluralaner topical solution was determined by the FDA to be safe and have a reasonable expectation of effectiveness for its intended use. The product's sponsor, Intervet Inc., from Rahway, New Jersey, has up to 5 years to generate the additional effectiveness data the FDA needs to support a full approval.

“The FDA is leveraging every resource and authority at its disposal to ensure producers and veterinarians have the critical products they need to protect their livestock and safeguard our food supply against NWS and cattle fever tick,” Timothy Schell, PhD, director of the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine, said in an organizational release.

 “We remain steadfast in our commitment to ensuring that animal drugs are safe and effective and that food from treated animals is safe to eat.”

Per FDA standards, fluralaner topical solution became eligible for conditional approval because it is intended to prevent and treat a serious or life-threatening illness in cattle, demonstrating the effectiveness of the drug requires complex or particularly difficult studies, and addresses an unmet animal health need. The treatment also received an expedited review through a priority zoonotic animal designation, which is authority given to the FDA under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.

Top questions on New World screwworm: What every veterinarian should know

The slaughter withdrawal period for fluralaner topical solution is 98 days to prevent unsafe drug residues in meat from treated cattle, as well as to ensure human food safety.

 The FDA also stated that this product is not for use in lactating dairy cattle, dairy calves, veal calves, or bulls that are at least aged 1 year and intended for breeding.

“This conditional approval gives cattle producers a new tool to combat two parasites threatening the well-being of cattle in the U.S.,”  FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, MD, MPH, said in a news release.

 “Although NWS has not been detected in the U.S., cattle fever tick is here. This is the first drug conditionally approved by the FDA specifically for the control and treatment of cattle fever tick.”

Intervet's fluralaner topical solution is available only by prescription and is offered in 250-mL, 1-L, and 5-L bottles. It is a single-use, ready-to-use product that is applied directly to the hair and skin in a narrow strip extending along the patient’s back, from between the shoulder blades to the base of the tail.

Lotilaner (Credelio; Elanco Animal Health) received emergency use authorization from the FDA to treat NWS infestations in dogs, the first time the FDA granted this authorization for both canine patients and any animal drug. A study published in 

 found that oral administration of lotilaner at the minimum recommended dose demonstrated 100% efficacy against NWS larvae within 24 hours of treatment when tested in 11 dogs infested with the parasite.

In November 2025, the FDA issued an emergency use authorization for lotilaner chewable tablets (Credelio Cat; Elanco Animal Health) for treating NWS infestations in cats and kittens, making it the first drug to receive authorization from the FDA for treatment of NWS in feline patients.

“This historic [emergency use authorization] equips veterinarians and cat owners with a treatment solution and provides reassurance that they're prepared to act quickly if New World screwworm crosses into the US,” Ellen de Brabander, PhD, executive vice president of innovation and regulatory affairs at Elanco, said in a news release.

Lotilaner is an isoxazoline that has been linked to neurologic adverse effects, including ataxia, muscle tremors, and seizures. Veterinarians should be cautious when using this product on feline patients with a history of neurologic disorders. Currently, there is a low risk to most cats in the US from NWS; however, outdoor cats near the US-Mexico border or those that have traveled to countries with active NWS cases face a higher risk of exposure. Although proven efficacy, the data are limited because the study involved only 11 naturally infected dogs in Brazil, so its relevance to canines in the US is unknown.

Doramectin injection solution (Dectomax-CA1 Injectable; Zoetis) received conditional approval in September 2025 to prevent and treat NWS larval infestations in cattle, and was indicated for the prevention of reinfestation for 21 days in cattle.

The injection solution is indicated for use in beef cattle, female dairy cattle younger than 20 months, pregnant beef cattle, newborn calves, and bulls. The active ingredient in Dectomax-CA1 is the same dose as in Dectomax, which has received full FDA approval for treating and controlling certain nematode and arthropod parasites in cattle and swine.

FDA conditionally approves topical drug for cattle for New World Screwworm and cattle fever tick. News release. FDA. December 4, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-conditionally-approves-topical-drug-cattle-new-world-screwworm-and-cattle-fever-tick?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery

Alaburda B. Top questions on New World screwworm: What every veterinarian should know. 

. December 1, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. https://www.dvm360.com/view/top-questions-on-new-world-screwworm-what-every-veterinarian-should-know

Bautista-Alejandre A. FDA grants emergency use authorization for lotilaner to treat New World screwworm in dogs. 

. October 24, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.dvm360.com/view/fda-grants-emergency-use-authorization-for-lotilaner-to-treat-new-world-screwworm-in-dogs

Bautista-Alejandre A. Antiparasitic receives FDA emergency authorization to treat New World screwworm in cats. 

. November 21, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.dvm360.com/view/antiparasitic-receives-fda-emergency-authorization-to-treat-new-world-screwworm-in-cats

Elanco's Credelio Cat (lotilaner) receives first FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) for treatment of New World screwworm (NWS) in cats. News release. Elanco Animal Health. November 21, 2025. Accessed November 21, 2025. 

https://investor.elanco.com/press-releases/press-releases-details/2025/Elancos-Credelio-CAT-lotilaner-Receives-First-FDA-Emergency-Use-Authorization-EUA-for-Treatment-of-New-World-Screwworm-NWS-in-Cats/default.aspx

Coppock Crossley K. FDA conditionally approves drug to prevent and treat screwworm in cattle. 

. September 30, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.dvm360.com/view/fda-conditionally-approves-drug-to-prevent-and-treat-screwworm-in-cattle

The product is also indicated treatment and control of cattle fever tick.

FDA conditionally approves topical drug for cattle to prevent and treat New World screwworm

A new veterinary device that relies on nanotechnology for treating osteoarthritis (OA) in horses is expected to be available in the US in 2026. Synoglide—an intra-articular injection manufactured by biomedical company Allegro and licensed by American Regent Animal Health—is engineered to behave like biology.

“We are excited [by] the potential this device offers to equine athletes, veterinarians, and horse owners as a valuable addition to the treatment continuum for osteoarthritis in horses. Synoglide ushers in a fresh perspective on how we address arthritis, reduce discomfort, and help restore movement with intra-articular care…. We look forward to seeing the impact this product will have on the well-being of our equine partners,” Andy Ferrigno, senior director, international sales and marketing, American Regent Animal Health, said in a news release.

Equine OA is a common degenerative condition that can occur in any synovial joint. Affecting horses at any age and of any breed, it is caused by multiple factors that include repetitive trauma, historical fractures, poor coordination, and high-speed training.

Generic therapy is available for managing OA pain in horses

Lameness is the predominant clinical sign of equine OA. Reduced range of motion, joint inflammation, and heat and pain with joint manipulation are other signs. Horses with OA may also be stiff when they first begin moving and appear to be more comfortable after warming up.

"Synoglide offers a new approach to help veterinarians manage this challenging chronic condition that affects the lives of so many animals,” Paul Diolosa, CEO for American Regent, said in a news release.

Derived from natural ingredients, Synoglide is a veterinary formulation of Allegro’s Hydrocelin, a potentially disease-modifying candidate for OA treatment that is expected to be investigated in human clinical studies in 2026. It is designed to mimic the elasticity and rheopectic behavior of synovial fluid by using cross-linked microparticle bonds that strengthen under mechanical stress and provide extra support to the joint.

Results of an unblinded clinical study involving 29 horses showed that Synoglide helped restore biomechanics, leading to improved joint function. Researchers found that 89.6% of those horses experienced decreased lameness 4 weeks after treatment, and 72.4% experienced complete resolution of lameness, according to the news release.

Under the agreement with American Regent Animal Health, Allegro will manufacture Synoglide in a state-of-the-art cleanroom facility that has the capacity to produce 1 million syringes per year. Lucas Decuypere, CEO and president of Allegro, will present Synoglide’s technology at the 2025 American Association of Equine Practitioners Convention, being held December 6-10 in Denver, Colorado. Decuypere will also take questions from attendees.

Introducing Synoglide: a first-of-its-kind OA microparticle hydrogel. News release. American Regent and Allegro NV. December 3, 2025.

Allegro and American Regent sign exclusive licensing deal for Synoglide, a novel osteoarthritis treatment in animal health, valued at up to $35 million. News release. Allegro NV and American Regent. November 25, 2025. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2025/11/25/3194042/0/en/Allegro-and-American-Regent-sign-exclusive-licensing-deal-for-SynoglideTM-a-novel-osteoarthritis-treatment-in-animal-health-valued-at-up-to-35-million.html

Young A, Katzman S. Osteoarthritis. University of California-Davis, Center for Equine Health. July 29, 2021. Accessed December 4, 2025. 

https://ceh.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/health-topics/osteoarthritis

Clinical study results show Synoglide's effectiveness in restoring biomechanics for improved joint function.

Nanotechnology treatment for equine OA may soon be available

Veterinary dental expert Heidi Lobprise, DVM, DAVDC, shares her technique for extracting an upper fourth premolar, in this interview with dvm360.

Steps for extracting an upper fourth premolar

In this video, Heidi Lobprise, DVM, DAVDC, a senior pet advocate and veterinary dental specialist at Cibolo Creek Veterinary Hospital in Boerne, Texas, describes her step-by-step method for extracting an upper fourth premolar. She provides a detailed look at each stage of the technique, from flap design to final closure.

The following is a transcript of the video, lightly edited for clarity and cohesion.

 When we make a flap, I usually make a cut at the mesial aspect of the gum tissue to lift it up, kind of a triangle flap. At that point, I have good visualization of the bone. I might take out a little bit of bone so I can see the furcation area. Then I use a crosscut fissure bur to section that tooth. We have 3 roots there. I actually take out a complete V in that tooth to make sure that I can access all 3 of the roots.

I’ll even slim down the crown of the upper 4th premolar on the backside so I have space for my elevators. Once I’ve got those 2 front roots, they’re still together, but with that V-shaped piece of tooth out, I can see where the furcation is, about midway between those 2 roots, to completely section those. After that, I get my smaller elevators, or my luxators, to start elevating out, making sure that I can get that blade of the elevator into the space between tooth and bone.

As I get further along, I go to my winged elevators, a little bit smaller for the ones in front—maybe a number 2, maybe a number 3 or 4 for the distal root, that’s a bit bigger—and put that elevator into the space between tooth and bone. Do a slight rotation and hold; that helps stretch the periodontal ligament. Then rotate the other way and it stretches a little bit more. Work on all 3 roots, or multiple teeth if I have multiple teeth, letting that ligament start to relax and loosen up.

I’ll take my extraction forceps, gently grasp the crown, and again, a little bit of rotation fatigues the ligament back and forth. Then once it’s loose enough, take it out. I will smooth off the bone and suture the flap.

Videos

Veterinary practices excel at celebrating the beginning of a pet’s life. Puppy and kitten programs are comprehensive, engaging, and designed to support families through developmental milestones with preventive medicine, nutrition advice, behavioral counseling, and client education. Yet, as our patients age, many practices lack an equally structured program for senior pets and geriatrics.

2023 American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats

, senior canines and felines represent 44% of the pet population, nearly 72 million senior pets, in the US.

 However, according to a 2025 internal study by Lap of Love and Vetsource, 44% of dogs and nearly 60% of cats have not seen their veterinarian in the 12 months preceding their euthanasia appointment.

As an end-of-life care veterinarian, this author has daily experience discussing the barriers to veterinary care in the senior and geriatric stages of our patients’ lives. Most families report that it’s too physically difficult and/or stressful to get pets into the car and veterinary office, they don’t want to feel pressure to pursue diagnostics or treatments that may be futile given their pet’s life stage, or they are afraid the only recommendation will be euthanasia.

A thoughtfully designed geriatric program can improve quality of life, strengthen the human-an- imal bond, and create a sustainable model for both families and veterinary teams. This article outlines the framework for building a program to prepare for the most commonly seen obstacles, while focusing on medical, emotional, and logistical support for aging pets and their caregivers.

Identifying the “cracks” in end-of-life care

As those statistics show, even the most compas- sionate practices often encounter patients who “fall through the cracks” in end-of-life care. These may be communication or policy gaps where families may lose confidence, pets may suffer unnecessarily, and the veterinary team may feel unprepared to provide the most meaningful guidance. These cracks can take several forms, as follows:

: Clients may not recognize subtle signs of decline, such as increased restlessness at night, changes in gait, or reduced enthusiasm for food and play. Without veterinary input, they may dismiss these as normal aging rather than recognizing them as clinical red flags that could benefit from intervention sooner rather than later.

Veterinary client-patient relationship (VCPR) expirations

: Lapsed VCPRs can delay timely care. Families often wait until a crisis arises before reestablishing contact, leaving pets without preventive or palliative support in the interim.

: Some hospital protocols may inadvertently create barriers by requiring diagnostics, procedures, or treatments as conditions of continued care. Geriatric pet owners, however, may be unwilling or unable to pursue these diagnostics or interventions, leaving them feeling excluded from care altogether. This creates tension between practice policy and client values.

: Without veterinary guidance, pet families may assume that euthanasia is the only reasonable treatment option when a new issue arises. For example, a sudden vestibular episode, progressive weakness, or incontinence is often interpreted as an immediate and irreversible sign that “it’s time,” when in fact these are common geriatric scenarios that may be managed successfully with supportive care.

: Families who have not engaged in preplanning are left scrambling when a crisis occurs, rushing to make emotionally charged decisions in the face of respiratory distress, collapse, or acute pain. These last-minute scenarios often increase suffering for the pet and distress for the family, leaving veterinary teams struggling to respond in real time.

Underlying all of these cracks are predictable drivers: miscommunication, fear, anxiety, inex- perience, and confusion. A structured geriatric program directly addresses these vulnerabilities by offering proactive education, preplanning, and clear guidance, empowering families and ensuring that pets experience comfort and dignity throughout their later years.

A geriatric program must extend beyond the financial and medical framework of traditional wellness plans. Whereas puppy and kitten programs focus on vaccinations, parasite preven- tion, and growth milestones, senior and geriatric care requires a broader, more holistic approach. Medical care is only one piece of the puzzle; families also need emotional support, practical training, and guidance through the uncertainties of aging.

Financial incentives are an important starting point. Bundled services, such as packages for semiannual exams, diagnostics, or comprehensive geriatric assessments, help families budget and reduce the likelihood of deferring care due to cost. Prescheduled visits also reinforce continuity, ensuring that pets are evaluated before small changes become crises. T

 provide resources that review recommended monitoring approaches and time- lines, allowing each practice to customize these bundles or discounted services as appropriate for their practice.

Equally vital is partnership and collaboration. Geriatric patients often benefit from a team approach that may include rehabilitation specialists, hospice and palliative care providers, nutritionists, and behaviorists. Strong referral networks enable the primary care veterinarian to serve as the central guide, drawing on the expertise of colleagues for complex cases.

Education empowers caregivers to understand what normal aging looks like and to recognize when something is amiss. Clear resources, hand- outs, videos, and checklists on topics such as mobility decline, chronic pain, cognitive dysfunction, and home modifications provide reassurance and direction. Targeted email newsletters, visit handouts, website, and lobby education materials all provide opportunities to introduce and reinforce this information to clients.

Hands-on training ensures that families feel capable in the day-to-day care of their aging companions. This may include instruction in
the use of harnesses, ramps, traction aids, or mobility carts; guidance on medication administration; or exercises that promote strength, balance, and cognitive enrichment. When families are confident in these skills, pets benefit from smoother daily routines and reduced stress. Teaching pets these skills before they experience pain, balance loss, and a loss of confidence in their mobility is key to accepting these aids in their later years.

At the heart of any geriatric program is supporting the human-animal bond. Structured activities—such as senior pet fitness classes, “aging gracefully” workshops, or caregiver support groups—help families feel less isolated, while encouraging ongoing connection with their pets. Celebrating milestones through birthdays, holidays, and photo sessions reinforces joy and reframes the aging process as a stage of life to be cherished rather than feared.

Finally, preplanning is essential. Conversations about end-of-life wishes, aftercare, and memorial options should occur early, when families can reflect without the pressure of a crisis. Preplanning not only reduces fear and uncertainty but also ensures that care aligns with the family’s values and the pet’s needs.

In short, a geriatric program that moves beyond wellness plans creates a road map for both medical and emotional support. It transforms the veterinary team from a service provider into a trusted partner that families can rely on for guidance, reassurance, and comfort through the final stages of their pet’s life.

Dhaliwal R, Boynton E, Carrera-Justiz S, et al. 2023 AAHA Senior Care Guidelines for Dogs and Cats. American Animal Hospital Association. December 9, 2024. Accessed November 14, 2025. 

https://www.aaha.org/resources/2023-aaha-senior-care-guidelines-for-dogs-and-cats/

Singler E. The “golden years”: encouraging veterinary visits for senior pets. American Animal Hospital Association. August 22, 2025. Accessed November 14, 2025. 

https://www.aaha.org/trends-magazine/publications/the-golden-years-encouraging-veterinary-visits-for-senior-pets/

Creating a medical and emotional support road map for patient care can take the veterinary team from “service provider” to “trusted partner.”