In the Fetch dvm360 conference session “A New Category of Care: A Practitioner's Guide to Proactive, Noninvasive Screening of Lumps and Bumps”—available on-demand through dvm360 Flex—Natalie Marks, DVM, CVJ, CCFP, Elite FFC-V, discussed a product using heat diffusion technology. The tool offers a noninvasive way to scan for dermal and subcutaneous masses and is for use in dogs only.

The technology can aid in detecting malignant tissue and providing guidance on next steps, as well as help with surgical planning, noted Marks. However, it is not a replacement for fine needle aspirates. “This [technology] is to guide where we use cytology because cytology is still necessary. We need cytology for dermatology. We need cytology, of course, to analyze lumps and fluids and all kinds of things that we need clinical pathology results for,” emphasized Marks.

The heat diffusion tool contains a thermal scanner and a heat source, as well as a camera, to scan for potential cancer in canine patients. “Essentially, what happens is, when we have a mass...and we use the scanner, it's going to heat the desired tissue at about 42 degrees Fahrenheit for 10 seconds, so it heats it up pretty quick, and then we allow that tissue to cool for 30 seconds. So, in a time frame of 40 seconds total, it's going to detect how the heat is distributed and then how it's diffused within the tissue itself,” explained Marks during the session.

As Marks noted, malignant cells show a different diffusion pattern than benign or healthy tissue. For example, mast cell tumors heat up and cools down faster than healthy tissue, whereas lipomas heat up faster but cool down slower. The heat diffusion tool uses this information during scanning of tissue to detect abnormal tissue.

After the scan, screening findings will appear in the HT Vista Result Dashboard, with the platform showing the patient’s cancer risk value along with an interpretation. Users are also able to view the thermal image from the scan and a brief recommendation that can be shared with the client.

According to Marks, the technology “has the ability to diagnose a mast cell tumor with 90% specificity.” Additionally, it has a 98% negative predictive value based on a study of more than 1600 masses.

 The negative predictive value is defined as the likelihood that a patient with a negative test result actually does not have the disease. “If we're saying [the results say the mass] is a low-based cancer risk...is a lipoma, you can feel 98% certain it's a lipoma,” said Marks.

With the scanning technology, a cancer risk of less than or equal to 10% is considered low. Masses such as lipomas and benign epithelial sebaceous adenomas may fall under this category. Recommendations for this category include monitoring and routine follow-ups.

Cancer risk results of greater than 10% up to 50% are considered moderate by the HT Vista technology. For these masses, further investigation is recommended.

“In [the moderate] category, the best thing about this is we now can give [the] client the option. There [are] clients out there that if you said [the scan results are] between 10% and 50%, they're okay with that. There [are] clients out there [that if] you said it's a 3% cancer risk, they're not okay with that, right?” said Marks. “But it's important that we're able to now give them some data to make an informed decision versus just the black-and-white of ‘we can aspirate it, or we can't—I don't really know what's going on.’”

Meanwhile, masses with results of 50% or higher are considered high risk for cancer. These masses are commonly mast cell tumors and further investigation is required.

According to Marks, 1 in 4 dogs will develop cancer during their lifetime. Moreover, 47% of dogs die of cancer by the age of 10, making it a leading cause of death among these canines.

 “For your practice, that's about 500 dogs a year are going to die from cancer no matter what you do,” said Marks.

As Marks explained, these startling statistics are due to a lack of effective treatment options, client inability to proceed with treatment, lack of access to care, and late diagnosis. “I think when we have the ability to offer a noninvasive screening tool for cancer at our practice where we can take these subcutaneous and dermal masses and get an early diagnosis without an aspirate, without any surgery, without that intense cost that often goes along with advanced diagnostics, it helps us make these faster and earlier decisions about interventions, or at least giving that family the opportunity to do so,” Marks noted.

Marks N. A New Category of Care: A Practitioner's Guide to Proactive, Noninvasive Screening of Lumps and Bumps.

Articles

The scanning technology discussed during a Fetch dvm360 conference session offers a noninvasive way of scanning dog tumors

A heat diffusion tool for canine dermal and subcutaneous mass screening

La'Toya Latney, DVM, DECZM (ZHM), DABVP (Reptile & Amphibian), CertAqV, discusses several ways that general practitioners can incorporate reptile care into their clinics. 

Providing reptile care in primary practice

How can primary practices enhance their services with reptile care? In this video, La'Toya Latney, DVM, DECZM (ZHM), DABVP (Reptile & Amphibian), CertAqV, senior veterinarian at The Schwarzman Animal Medical Center in New York, New York, discusses several ways that general practitioners can incorporate reptile care into their clinics using tools and knowledge they already have on hand or have access to. Latney spoke to 

during the NAVC SkillShop in Orlando, Florida, where she presented lectures on reptile medicine.

Understanding the role of husbandry in reptile medicine

The following is a transcript of the video:

La'Toya Latney, DVM, DECZM (ZHM), DABVP (Reptile & Amphibian), CertAqV:

 [General practitioners] probably already have the tools, because medicine is medicine, right? Whether you're a fish, reptile, cat, dog…. [Clinics should be] comfortable with offering blood work. The way in which we acquire the blood samples is very similar to something they already learned in vet school for another species.... There are places where they can send the blood out. There are actually machines that a lot of people have, point-of-care machines, and [in] some of the critical care places, they could actually run the blood in-house.

[Get] them familiar with molecular diagnostics. There are a number of different companies that offer PCR [polymerase chain reaction] probes and PCR tests for specific reptile pathogens, and they're quite cost-effective. They actually end up being cheaper than [many] culture sensitivity panels for aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal. You can swab and send it out. They'll give you all of this information about what pathogens they may have found and what their…antibiotic genetic resistances for these things [are]. I think those are probably the biggest things.

Everyone knows how to do a fecal, but they [may say], ‘Yeah, I can do a fecal, but what's normal vs abnormal when I look under the microscope to see?’ So again, there are all these little things that they already almost have access to. It’s just a matter of feeling comfortable about where to send samples and how to evaluate them once they've been acquired.

Videos

La'Toya Latney, DVM, DECZM (ZHM), DABVP (Reptile & Amphibian), CertAqV, discusses several ways that general practitioners can incorporate reptile care into their clinics.

Benjamin Bergstrom, DVM, MS, DACVO, previews his Fetch session

Eye removal conversations

Benjamin Bergstrom, DVM, MS, DACVO, owner of The Eye Vets—a veterinary ophthalmology practice in Nashville, Tennessee—shares insights into his upcoming lecture “There’s No Eye in Enucleation: A Review of Treatment Options for Blind, Painful Eyes,” which will be presented at the Fetch dvm360 Conference in Nashville, May 30-31. In this interview, Bergstrom previews topics he will cover during his session. He also highlights 1 key takeaway that he hopes attendees will leave with, emphasizing the compassion and sensitivity that is needed when discussing eye removal with clients.

Below is the transcript of the video, which has been lightly edited for clarity:

 I think one of the most important parts of this presentation is, it's a stressful time to start talking with pet owners about what's going to happen to an eye after we've lost the battle with diseases like glaucoma. And for a lot of pet owners, that's kind of the first time that they've experienced a major medical issue and the loss of an eye. When you try to conceptualize it as a person, you kind of put yourself in the pets position and it's hard.

And so, I just want to talk through eye removal in and of itself—how to come to the conclusion that it's time for it, how to make the pet owner comfortable with it. And then there are other options that we can provide to the owner if eye removal is just not something that they're interested in. But it's a tricky conversation, and addressing it in a way that is going to make the pet owner comfortable with the decision and, you know, ultimately provide better quality of life for the pet, better comfort for the pet is the most important thing.

Benjamin Bergstrom, DVM, MS, DACVO, shares a key takeaway from his upcoming lecture at the Fetch dvm360 Conference in Nashville, Tennessee

Enucleation conversations: A lecture preview

Flynn, an approximately 1-year-old male neutered Great Pyrenees, was brought to UC Davis by the Yolo County Spay/Neuter group after the City of Stockton Animal Services Center reported that he had been run over by a car and thrown in a ditch, with visible tire tracks present on his back leg and abdomen. Flynn presented to UC Davis in pain and lame in both back legs, as well as a neurological deficit in his left back leg. 

Flynn received care at the UC Davis veterinary hospital after being thrown from a car (Image courtesy of UC Davis) 

Karen M. Vernau, DVM, MAS, DACVIM (Neurology), of UC Davis Neurology/Neurosurgery Service, worked with the Anesthesia and Diagnostic Imaging Services to perform an MRI on Flynn to see the full extent of the his injuries. The MRI showed the UC Davis team that he suffered from a fracture of his L7 vertebra, and a lumbosacral luxation was compressing the nerves, causing him to have intense pain in his back legs and pelvis. Flynn was then taken for a CT scan to help the team determine next steps to repair the damage to his vertebra.

Flynn then received a dorsal laminectomy to help relieve the pressure on his spinal nerve, and his L7 fracture was stabilized with a specialized metal implant. He spent 6 days in the hospital and slowly began to improve his pelvic limb motor function and his comfort level. Flynn was able to leave the hospital without any apparent pain, and one of the veterinary technicians at the hospital agreed to foster him.

CT scan image show's the implant stabilizing Flynn's L7 vertebra

While at home, Flynn was on strict cage rest while his surgical site and spine healed, had brief leash respites 3 to 4 times a day, and was prohibited from any jumping, running, or any activity involving impact for a few months. During his 1-month recheck, Flynn presented with normal nerve function, was able to put more weight on his back leg, and his lameness in his back legs improved significantly.

 The team was expecting some decreased muscle mass in both of his back legs, but Flynn appeared comfortable with no signs of pain.

A portion of Flynn’s treatment was provided by the UC Davis Compassionate Care Fund, formerly known as Angel Funds. This fund is donor-supported and helps provide care to animals in the hospital’s community, such as stray animals and shelter pets. Pets given treatment through the fund can receive lifesaving care despite any existing financial barriers. Compassionate Care Funds was established originally in 1990 and not only helps pets but also provides a learning opportunity for future veterinary professionals.

Abandoned dog hit by car recovers from back surgery. News release. UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. May 21, 2025. Accessed May 29, 2025. 

https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/news/abandoned-dog-thrown-car-recovers-back-surgery

Compassionate Care Fund. UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine. Accessed May 29, 2025. 

Flynn, a 1-year-old Great Pyrenees, was treated at UC Davis after he was run over by a car and abandoned in a ditch.

Canine hit by car recovers at UC Davis 

What to know about the latest trend in ectoparasite control

Ticks and Isoxazalines

Kathryn E. Rief, MSPH, PhD, explains how veterinarians seeking reliable month‐long ectoparasite control can benefit from understanding isoxazoline pharmacodynamics, with lotilaner demonstrating rapid kill rates against hard‐to‐kill ticks such as 

 (lone star tick). By maintaining consistent systemic concentrations throughout the dosing interval, lotilaner may reduce the risk of tick‐borne pathogen transmission in canine patients.

 Thanks for having me. My name is Dr Kathryn E. Rief, and I’m an associate professor at Auburn University in the Department of Pathobiology. I love anything and everything that has to do with parasites, and my favorite parasite to study is definitely ticks and their associated pathogens. In my research program, we study parasites that affect anything from rodents to companion animals to food animals. One of the things we really like to do is link the public health aspects of parasites that commonly affect our...companion animals with potential public risk as well.

I’m really excited to share my presentation on kicking parasites to the curb. In this presentation, we will review common parasites that plague our pets and discuss the strategies and drugs we have to manage and treat those parasites. We’ll also talk about some newer innovations for broad parasite protection in our dogs. Specifically, we’ll discuss one of the newer isoxazolines, lotilaner, and some unique features of lotilaner—particularly its tick speed of kill against one of our hardest‐to‐kill tick species, the lone star tick.

One of our newer classes of ectoparasite control products is the isoxazolines. Isoxazolines are a bit different from some of our historic flea and tick control products; they are systemically distributed. In order for the flea or the tick to come into contact with an isoxazoline, it must start the bite. If we use a product where the parasite actually initiates the bite to contact the drug, we expect that drug to work fast enough to kill the tick, for example, before it has an opportunity to transmit any pathogens it’s carrying. Some pathogens transmit faster than others, but the faster we kill the tick, the lower the risk of transmission.

Now, many of the different isoxazoline‐containing products on the market may have similar labels, but our lab has done a deep dive over the past couple of years to see how quickly some of these different isoxazoline drugs—including drugs like lotilaner—actually start to work to kill ticks and whether they kill ticks at that same rate throughout the monthly dosing period. I’m excited [about] this presentation [and] to share the results of that study and discuss some of the other classes of drugs we have available to protect against or manage other parasite concerns for our dogs.

Kathryn E. Rief, MSPH, PhD, discusses how lotilaner’s systemic distribution and consistent efficacy throughout the dosing period make it a reliable option for targeting ticks, including the lone star tick, before pathogen transmission occurs.

Isoxazolines in canine parasite control

In this video interview with dvm360, veterinary oncology Craig Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology), shares signs veterinary professionals could look out for to indicate cancer in a patient.

Video interview with Craig Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology)

Ahead of his lectures at this weekend's Fetch Nashville conference, Craig Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology), shared some tips and tricks that general practitioners can utilize when they have a patient in the clinic to determine if their symptoms could indicate an oncology concern or not. Throughout the interview, Clifford explains why he loves the expression, "Don't Wait, Aspirate," coined by Sue Ettinger, DVM, DACVIM (Oncology), what weight loss can do to help determine oncology cases or not, and more!

What makes a patient a good ELIAS Cancer Immunotherapy candidate?

Below is a full  transcript, edited lightly for clarity

Craig Clifford, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology): 

Sure. My name is Craig Clifford. I am a medical oncologist at Blue Pearl Malvern. I did my veterinary training at Mississippi State University. My internship and residency were at Penn. After that, I was at Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, which at the time was the largest privately owned referral hospital in the country for about 11 years, had the opportunity then to buy into a hospital hope veterinary specialist were able to grow that dramatically. And about 5 years ago, we sold to the Mars network, and now we are under Blue Pearl.

I think, part of it's going to be history, you know, is the owner describing a lump that's been there for a period of time. All lumps should be aspirated. You know, Sue Ettinger, who is an oncologist in New York, has a big thing, "Why wait, Aspirate," and I completely agree with that. If you feel something, you can easily stick a needle in it. You can look at it in-house, or send it off for cytology to see whether it's cancer.

So unexplained weight loss, if a case comes in for weight loss that doesn't make sense and it's an older patient understanding the breed, we know that there are certain breeds that are more predisposed to cancers that can lend to it the history. How long has it been going on for? If a patient has been losing weight for 2 or 3 years, that's probably not going to be cancer, because of the fact that ideally, you would have assumed it would have reared its ugly head. So I think the primary care doctor not blowing off a historical or a finding due to the fact that maybe it's an older patient. Always look at it that there are diagnostics that can be done that can help us get to the answer.

When patients come in the clinic, what red flags could general practitioners be on the look out for to indicate cancer? 